|
Waldemar Mordechai Wolff Haffkine, CIE ((ロシア語:Мордехай-Вольф Хавкин); in some publications in (フランス語:Mardochée-Woldemar Khawkine)) (15 March 1860, Odessa,〔''Waldemar Haffkine: Pioneer of Cholera Vaccine.'' EDYTHE LUTZKERAND and CAROL JOCHNOWITZ. (American Society for Microbiology )〕 Russian Empire - 26 October 1930, Lausanne, Switzerland) was a Russian Empire Jewish bacteriologist, whose career was blighted in Russia because "he refused to convert to Russian Orthodoxy."〔 He emigrated and worked at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he developed an anti-cholera vaccine that he tried out successfully in India. He is recognized as the first microbiologist who developed and used vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague. He tested the vaccines on himself. Lord Joseph Lister named him "a saviour of humanity". He was knighted in Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee year Honours in 1897. The Jewish Chronicle of that time noted "a Russian Jew, trained in the schools of European science, saves the lives of helpless Hindoos and Mohammedans and is decorated by the descendant of William the Conqueror and Alfred the Great" (Page 8 of the London Jewish Chronicle 1 June 2012). ==Early years== Born Vladimir Aaronovich Chavkin ((ロシア語:Владимир (Маркус-Вольф) Аaронович Хавкин)), the fourth of five children of Aaron and Rosalie (née Landsberg) in a family of a Jewish schoolmaster in Odessa, Russian Empire (now Ukraine), he received his education in Odessa, Berdyansk and St. Petersburg. Young Haffkine was also a member of the ''Jewish League for Self-Defense''. Haffkine was injured while defending a Jewish home during a pogrom. As a result of this action he was arrested but later released due to the intervention of Ilya Mechnikov. Haffkine continued his studies with famous biologist Ilya Mechnikov, but after the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, the government increasingly cracked down on people it considered suspicious, including intelligentsia. Mechnikov left the country for Pasteur Institute in Paris.〔 In 1888, Haffkine was allowed to emigrate to Switzerland and began his work at the University of Geneva. In 1889 he joined Mechnikov and Louis Pasteur in Paris. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Waldemar Haffkine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|